EPJ Appl. Metamat. 13, 6 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2025014

Review

Resistive film frequency selective rasorbers: from design, integration to function

College of Textiles, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China

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Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
Published online: 6 February 2026

Abstract

Resistive film frequency selective rasorbers (FSRs), as advanced electromagnetic metamaterials, seamlessly integrate the functions of out-of-band absorption and in-band transmission, enabling selective spatial control of electromagnetic waves. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in this field. It begins by elucidating the fundamental operational principles. Then this review adopts a material-centric classification framework, providing a comprehensive and critical analysis of two major categories of resistive film FSRs: carbon-based film FSRs and indium tin oxide (ITO) film FSRs. As in some literature, the materials for the resistive films were not elucidated but the sheet resistance was given, a third category with the name of specified sheet resistance film FSRs was reviewed. And the fourth was dynamically tunable resistive film FSRs which could be achieved through the integration of resistive films and functional materials. For each category, it delves into the intrinsic material properties, design methodologies, achieved performance and application suitability. Finally, the article outlines prevailing challenges including multi-performance coordination and fabrication process limitations, and suggests promising future directions, such as film compositing, intelligent design, and system integration, thereby providing crucial insights for the development of novel integrated stealth and communication technologies.